Ocean dynamic equations with the real gravity

Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 5;11(1):3235. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82882-1.

Abstract

Two different treatments in ocean dynamics are found between the gravity and pressure gradient force. Vertical component is 5-6 orders of magnitude larger than horizontal components for the pressure gradient force in large-scale motion, and for the gravity in any scale motion. The horizontal pressure gradient force is considered as a dominant force in oceanic motion from planetary to small scales. However, the horizontal gravity is omitted in oceanography completely. A non-dimensional C number (ratio between the horizontal gravity and the Coriolis force) is used to identify the importance of horizontal gravity in the ocean dynamics. Unexpectedly large C number with the global mean around 24 is obtained using the community datasets of the marine geoid height and ocean surface currents. New large-scale ocean dynamic equations with the real gravity are presented such as hydrostatic balance, geostrophic equilibrium, thermal wind, equipotential coordinate system, and vorticity equation.

Publication types

  • Retracted Publication