Pain Management in Small Ruminants and Camelids: Applications and Strategies

Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2021 Mar;37(1):17-31. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.12.005.

Abstract

Small ruminants are increasing in popularity as production and companion animals in the United States, and among sheep, goats, and camelids there are many disease processes and management techniques that have the potential to result in painful or noxious stimuli. In these species, many medications and therapeutic techniques can be used to reduce or eliminate the long-term consequences of pain. In this second portion of the review, we focus on the application of pain management in these species. These strategies include mono- and multimodal and the use of precision pain management, such as epidural drug administration, regional perfusions, and transdermal applications.

Keywords: Alpaca; Analgesia; Epidural catheter; Goat; Llama; Pain; Regional limb perfusion; Sheep.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Analgesia / methods
  • Analgesia / veterinary
  • Animals
  • Camelids, New World*
  • Goat Diseases / drug therapy*
  • Goats
  • Pain / drug therapy
  • Pain / veterinary*
  • Pain Management / methods
  • Pain Management / veterinary*
  • Ruminants
  • Sheep
  • Sheep Diseases / drug therapy*
  • United States