Effects of Fear of COVID-19 on Mental Well-Being and Quality of Life among Saudi Adults: A Path Analysis

Mohsen Alyami; Julia Vajda de Albuquerque; Christian U Krägeloh; Hussain Alyami; Marcus A Henning

doi:10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_630_20

Effects of Fear of COVID-19 on Mental Well-Being and Quality of Life among Saudi Adults: A Path Analysis

Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2021 Jan-Apr;9(1):24-30. doi: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_630_20. Epub 2020 Nov 26.

Authors

Mohsen Alyami¹, Julia Vajda de Albuquerque², Christian U Krägeloh³, Hussain Alyami⁴, Marcus A Henning²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
² Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
³ Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁴ College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been very disruptive, and thus is likely to result in substantial challenges to mental health.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of fear of COVID-19 on the mental well-being and quality of life among Saudi adult population and to evaluate the impact of perceived social support.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study used an anonymous online survey, where participants were administered the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, European Health Interview Survey-Quality of Life and Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. A path analysis was used to investigate the proposed theoretical domain structure linking fear of COVID-19 with perceived social support, mental well-being and quality of life.

Results: A total of 1029 Saudi adults with a mean age of 33.7 years (SD 11.5) responded to the survey. Descriptive analysis showed that this sample was fearful of COVID-19, anxious and depressed but, at the same time, reported high quality of life and perceived social support scores. Path analysis indicated that increased fear of COVID-19 was directly associated with diminished mental well-being, which in turn was associated with lower quality of life. The beneficial effects of perceived social support were stronger on quality of life than on mental well-being. No direct link was found between fear of COVID-19 and quality of life.

Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of having effective social systems in place to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental well-being and quality of life.

Keywords: COVID-19; fear; mental health; quality of life; social support; well-being.