Shell form and enzymatic alterations in Lottia subrugosa (Gastropoda, Lotiidae) transplanted to a contaminated site

Abstract

Studies have shown that shell morphology and enzymatic activities in mollusks are affected by contaminants exposure. However, the correlation between enzymatic activities and the biomineralization process are not fully understood. The present study used a transplant bioassay and field sampling to evaluate shell measurements and the activities of carbonic anhydrase, Ca²⁺-ATPase, and Mg²⁺-ATPase in Lottia subrugosa sampled in Brazilian sites under different contamination levels. Results showed that, in general, shells from the reference site (Palmas) were more rounded than the ones from the contaminated site (Balsa). Effects in enzymatic activities in specimens from transplant bioassay were attributed to the known high contaminant levels present at Balsa. While the lack of enzymatic activity alterations during field sampling was attributed to physiological adaptation to contaminants exposure. Enzymatic activities were not correlated to shell biometric parameters in field sampling, indicating that these enzymes were not related to shell alterations detected in the present study.

Keywords: ATPases; Biochemical biomarkers; Carbonic anhydrase; Geometric morphometric; Mollusks; Transplant bioassay.