Monitoring and Synchronization of Cardiac and Respiratory Traces in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review

IEEE Rev Biomed Eng. 2022:15:200-221. doi: 10.1109/RBME.2021.3055550. Epub 2022 Jan 20.

Abstract

Synchronization of human vital signs, namely the cardiac cycle and respiratory excursions, is necessary during magnetic resonance imaging of the cardiovascular system and the abdominal cavity to achieve optimal image quality with minimized artifacts. This review summarizes techniques currently available in clinical practice, as well as methods under development, outlines the benefits and disadvantages of each approach, and offers some unique solutions for consideration.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Artifacts
  • Heart* / diagnostic imaging
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging* / methods
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Respiratory Rate