Introduction: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) have been considered to be significant prognostic indicators in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). This study discusses the prognostic significance of mesenchymal CTCs with PRL-3 (M+ PRL-3+ CTCs) in postoperative patients with CRC.
Methods: We detected CTC subtypes (including epithelial CTCs, biphenotypic epithelial/mesenchymal CTCs, and mesenchymal CTCs) and PRL-3 in CTCs from the peripheral blood samples of 156 patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were performed to identify the prognostic value of mesenchymal CTCs with PRL-3+. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of PRL-3 in tumor tissues from some of the patients to explore the connection between CTCs and tissues.
Results: All CTCs were positive in all samples, both mesenchymal CTCs and PRL-3-positive cells. The count of mesenchymal and PRL-3+ CTCs was significantly associated with recurrence, and the optimal cutoff value was 2 (area under the curve = 0.690, P < 0.001). In addition, these patients had a significantly shorter median disease-free survival than those who did not fulfill the criteria (8.5 vs 24 months, P < 0.001) according to multivariable and multinomial logistic regression. Immunohistochemistry was applied to explore the associations between PRL-3 expression and significant prognostic risk factors, including recurrence (R = 0.566; P < 0.001), and M+ PRL-3+ status in CTCs (R = 0.452; P = 0.001).
Discussion: The status of M+ PRL-3+ in CTCs may serve as a crucial prognostic marker for assessing clinical outcomes in CRC.