Embodied virtual reality for the study of real-world motor learning

PLoS One. 2021 Jan 27;16(1):e0245717. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245717. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Motor-learning literature focuses on simple laboratory-tasks due to their controlled manner and the ease to apply manipulations to induce learning and adaptation. Recently, we introduced a billiards paradigm and demonstrated the feasibility of real-world-neuroscience using wearables for naturalistic full-body motion-tracking and mobile-brain-imaging. Here we developed an embodied virtual-reality (VR) environment to our real-world billiards paradigm, which allows to control the visual feedback for this complex real-world task, while maintaining sense of embodiment. The setup was validated by comparing real-world ball trajectories with the trajectories of the virtual balls, calculated by the physics engine. We then ran our short-term motor learning protocol in the embodied VR. Subjects played billiard shots when they held the physical cue and hit a physical ball on the table while seeing it all in VR. We found comparable short-term motor learning trends in the embodied VR to those we previously reported in the physical real-world task. Embodied VR can be used for learning real-world tasks in a highly controlled environment which enables applying visual manipulations, common in laboratory-tasks and rehabilitation, to a real-world full-body task. Embodied VR enables to manipulate feedback and apply perturbations to isolate and assess interactions between specific motor-learning components, thus enabling addressing the current questions of motor-learning in real-world tasks. Such a setup can potentially be used for rehabilitation, where VR is gaining popularity but the transfer to the real-world is currently limited, presumably, due to the lack of embodiment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Feedback, Sensory*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Learning*
  • Male
  • Motor Activity*
  • Virtual Reality*

Associated data

  • figshare/10.6084/m9.figshare.13553606

Grants and funding

The study was enabled by financial support to a Royal Society-Kohn International Fellowship (https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/grants/newton-international/; NF170650; SH & AAF). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.