Symptoms of voiding dysfunction and other coexisting pelvic floor dysfunctions: the impact of transvaginal, mesh-augmented sacrospinous ligament fixation

Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis: The objective was to investigate the prevalence for voiding dysfunction and if symptom improvement can be achieved by adequate pelvic floor surgery.

Methods: We evaluated the Propel Study data from 281 women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) stage 2-4. Bother caused by obstructive micturition, voiding dysfunction, and coexisting pelvic floor symptoms were assessed using the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI) preoperatively and 6, 12, and 24 months after vaginal prolapse repair. Successful reconstruction (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification [POP-Q] stage 0-I throughout the 2-year follow-up at all compartments, "responders"), was compared with all others ("non-responders").

Results: Prevalence of voiding dysfunction was significantly reduced after surgery for all patients with "moderate" to "quite a bit" of bother ("R2") regarding all examined PFDI questions. Defects of the posterior/apical compartment and lower stage defects were found to cause obstructive micturition, which improved significantly after POP surgery. Six months after surgery, the prevalence of R2 for voiding dysfunction symptoms was reduced significantly for responders compared with non-responders. Significant reduction of R2 in patients with rectoceles could be shown for some PFDI questions, whereas the rate was lower in patients with cystoceles. Other pelvic floor symptoms often coexisted in patients with voiding dysfunction symptoms and improved significantly after surgery as well.

Conclusions: Symptoms of voiding dysfunction are frequent in female patients with POP and can significantly improve after vaginal mesh-augmented prolapse repair even for posterior and minor defects. Before counseling patients to undergo POP surgery because of their obstructive symptoms, other causes of voiding dysfunction must first have been ruled out.

Keywords: Pelvic floor dysfunction; Pelvic organ prolapse; Posterior fornix syndrome; Sacrospinous ligament fixation; Voiding dysfunction.