Interfacial Adhesion of a Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network-Based Fiber-Reinforced Composite with a High and Low-Gradient Poly(methyl methacrylate) Resin Surface

Aftab Ahmed Khan; Leila Perea-Lowery; Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Khureif; Nawaf Abdulrahman AlMufareh; ElZahraa Eldwakhly; Eija Säilynoja; Pekka Kalevi Vallittu

doi:10.3390/polym13030352

Interfacial Adhesion of a Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network-Based Fiber-Reinforced Composite with a High and Low-Gradient Poly(methyl methacrylate) Resin Surface

Polymers (Basel). 2021 Jan 22;13(3):352. doi: 10.3390/polym13030352.

Authors

Aftab Ahmed Khan¹, Leila Perea-Lowery², Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Khureif¹, Nawaf Abdulrahman AlMufareh³, ElZahraa Eldwakhly^{4

5}, Eija Säilynoja², Pekka Kalevi Vallittu^{1

2

6}

Affiliations

¹ Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 10219, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
³ Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Children with Special Health Care Needs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 10219, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Clinical Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 10219, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt.
⁶ Welfare Division, City of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.

Abstract

The research aimed to determine the tensile bond strength (TBS) between polymerized intact and ground fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) surfaces. FRC prepregs (a reinforcing fiber pre-impregnated with a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) resin system; everStick C&B) were divided into two groups: intact FRCs (with a highly PMMA-enriched surface) and ground FRCs (with a low PMMA gradient). Each FRC group was treated with: StickRESIN and G-Multi PRIMER. These groups were further divided into four subgroups based on the application time of the treatment agents: 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 min. Next, a resin luting cement was applied to the FRC substrates on the top of the photo-polymerized treating agent. Thereafter, weight loss, surface microhardness, and TBS were evaluated. Three-factor analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05) revealed significant differences in the TBS among the FRC groups. The highest TBS was recorded for the intact FRC surface treated with G-Multi PRIMER for 2 min (13.0 ± 1.2 MPa). The monomers and solvents of G-Multi PRIMER showed a time-dependent relationship between treatment time and TBS. They could diffuse into the FRC surface that has a higher PMMA gradient, further resulting in a high TBS between the FRC and resin luting cement.

Keywords: adhesive interface; fiber-reinforced composite; poly(methyl methacrylate); primer; semi-interpenetrating polymer network; tensile bond strength (TBS).