Time to Stable Therapeutic Range on Initiation of Warfarin as an Indicator of Control

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021 Apr;30(4):105620. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105620. Epub 2021 Jan 22.

Abstract

Objectives: Warfarin remains widely used with a time in therapeutic range (TiTR) above 65% recommended for best outcomes. Patients not achieving or maintaining this warfarin control may be better suited to alternate anticoagulants. Despite this, there is limited data defining a suitable trial time in patients initiating warfarin therapy, therefore the aim of this study was to determine the mean time to stable therapeutic range (TtSTR).

Materials and methods: Retrospective data was collected for patients with atrial fibrillation enrolled in a dedicated warfarin program at a private pathology practice within 7 days of warfarin initiation. TiTR at specified timepoints was calculated and median TtSTR determined as defined by TiTR ≥ 65% over three months. Comparisons were made of populations with TtSTR above or below the median.

Results: The 566 patients included in the study had a mean TiTR of 64.9±16.5% at month three and median TtSTR of six months. Patients with TtSTR≤6 months achieved a mean TiTR of 68.9±12.8% at month two and maintained a TiTR over 75% from month 3 to 24. Patients with a TtSTR>6 months obtained a TiTR of 66.4±10.6% at month nine and continued to achieve lower TiTR throughout the 24 months study period.

Conclusions: A majority of patients can achieve a stable TiTR above 65% within six months so review at six to nine months is likely to be a good indicator of warfarin control and to determine if patients should continue warfarin or switch to alternate anticoagulant therapy.

Keywords: Anticoagulant; Atrial fibrillation; Time in therapeutic range; Warfarin.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anticoagulants / therapeutic use*
  • Atrial Fibrillation / blood
  • Atrial Fibrillation / diagnosis
  • Atrial Fibrillation / drug therapy*
  • Blood Coagulation / drug effects*
  • Drug Monitoring*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • International Normalized Ratio*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Stroke / blood
  • Stroke / diagnosis
  • Stroke / prevention & control*
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Warfarin / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Anticoagulants
  • Warfarin