Psychometric Characteristics of the Croatian and the Serbian Versions of the Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous Subjects, with a Pilot Study on the Dimensionality

Zdr Varst. 2020 Dec 31;60(1):55-64. doi: 10.2478/sjph-2021-0009. eCollection 2020 Dec.

Abstract

Introduction: The aim was to adapt the Croatian and the Serbian versions of the Oral Health Impact Profile for the edentulous population (OHIP-EDENT-CRO and OHIP-EDENT-SRB).

Methods: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation were carried out in accordance with accepted international standards. A total of 95 and 177 removable denture wearers were recruited in Croatia and Serbia respectively. The reliability was evaluated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and by test-retest (30 participants in each country). The concurrent validity was determined by calculating the Spearman's rank coefficient between the OHIP-EDENT summary scores and one question related to removable denture satisfaction. Construct validity was determined by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Responsiveness was determined by comparison of the OHIP-EDENT summary scores before and after dental implant placement to support mandibular overdentures (23 patients in Croatia, 21 in Serbia).

Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.92 in Croatia and 0.87 in Serbia. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.98 in Croatia and 0.94 in Serbia. In Croatia the Spearman's correlation coefficient was -0.71 (p<0.001) and in Serbia -0.74 (p<0.001). Both confirmed concurrent validity. Construct validity was tested by EFA, which extracted four factors in each country, accounting for 66.59% of the variance in Croatia and 59.33% in Serbia. Responsiveness was confirmed in both countries by a significant OHIP-EDENT summary score reduction and a high standardised effect size (3.9 in Croatia, 1.53 in Serbia).

Conclusion: The results prove that both instruments, the OHIP-EDENT-CRO and the OHIP-EDENT-SRB, have very good psychometric properties for assessing OHRQoL in the edentulous population.

Uvod: Namen raziskave je določiti psihometrične lastnosti hrvaške in srbske različice vprašalnika za oceno kakovosti življenja v zvezi z oralnim zdravjem (OHRQoL), to je »Oral Health Impact Profile« za brezzobo populacijo (OHIP-EDENT-CRO in OHIP-EDENT-SRB).

Metode: Prevod in medkulturno prilagajanje sta bila izvedena v skladu s sprejetimi mednarodnimi standardi. Na Hrvaškem in v Srbiji je bilo vključenih 95 oziroma 177 udeležencev s snemno zobno protezo. Zanesljivost smo ocenili z izračunom Cronbachovega koeficienta alfa in s ponovnim testom, ki je vključeval 30 udeležencev v vsaki državi. Sočasna veljavnost je bila določena z izračunom Spearmanovega koeficienta ranga med zbirnimi ocenami OHIP-EDENT in enim vprašanjem v zvezi z zadovoljstvom s snemno protezo. Veljavnost konstrukta je bila določena z eksplorativno faktorsko analizo (EFA). Odzivnost je bila določena s primerjavo zbirnih rezultatov OHIP-EDENT pred namestitvijo zobnega vsadka za podporo mandibularne delne proteze in po njej (23 hrvaških in 21 srbskih pacientov).

Rezultati: Cronbachov koeficient alfa je na Hrvaškem in v Srbiji znašal 0,92 oziroma 0,87. Intraklasni korelacijski koeficient je znašal 0,98 za hrvaško in 0,94 za srbsko različico. Za hrvaško različico je Spearmanov koeficient korelacije znašal –0,71 (p < 0,001), za srbsko pa –0,74 (p < 0,001) in pri obeh je bila potrjena sočasna veljavnost. Veljavnost konstrukta je bila preizkušena z EFA, ki je v vsaki jezikovni različici določila štiri dejavnike. Ti pojasnjujejo 66,59 % variance pri hrvaškem in 59,33 % variance pri srbskem vprašalniku. Odzivnost je bila v obeh državah potrjena z znatnim zmanjšanjem skupnega rezultata OHIP-EDENT in z visoko vrednostjo standardizirane velikosti učinka (3,9 na Hrvaškem; 1,53 v Srbiji).

Zaključek: Rezultati dokazujejo, da imata oba instrumenta, OHIP-EDENT-CRO in OHIP-EDENT-SRB, zelo dobre psihometrične lastnosti za oceno OHRQoL pri brezzobi populaciji.

Keywords: Croatia; EFA; OHIP-EDENT; Serbia; adaptation; questionnaire; reliability; responsiveness; validity.

Grants and funding

The study was financed by the Croatian Science Foundation (Grant no 1218) and the Ministry of Education and Science of Serbia.