Introduction: The objective was to develop and validate an instrument that measures different determinants of people's food choices and simultaneously accounts for a variety of factors: health, emotions, price and availability, society and culture, environment and politics, and marketing and advertising.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study focusing on food choice determinants. It was carried out in 16 countries in 2017 and 2018. This study included 11,960 volunteer adult participants from different countries. The data was validated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM).
Results: Validation using CFA with SEM revealed that multi-factor modelling produced first- and second-order models that could be used to define the EATMOT scale, the first presenting better fitting indices, with the goodness-of-fit and comparative-fit indices very close to 1, as well as root-mean-square-error-of-approximation, root-mean-square-residual and standardised-root-mean-square-residual at practically zero.
Conclusion: The validated EATMOT scale guarantees confidence in the information obtained through this instrument, and can be used in future studies to better understand food choice determinants in different geographical areas and help plan strategies to improve healthy eating patterns and diminish the burden of non-communicable diseases.
Uvod: Cilj študije je bil razviti in preveriti instrument za merjenje različnih determinant, ki lahko vplivajo na izbiro živil in hkrati upoštevajo različne dejavnike: zdravje, čustva, ceno in razpoložljivost, družbo in kulturo, okolje in politiko ali trženje in oglase.
Metode: To je p resečna študija, ki se o sredotoča n a d eterminante izbire ž ivil in je bila m ed letoma 2017 in 2018 izvedena v 16 državah. Ta študija je vključevala 11.960 odraslih prostovoljcev iz različnih držav. Podatke smo preverili s konfirmatorno faktorsko analizo (CFA) in modeliranjem strukturnih enačb (SEM).
Rezultati: Preverjanje s CFA in SEM je pokazalo, da so pri večfaktorskem modeliranju nastali modeli prvega in drugega reda, ki se lahko uporabljajo za opredelitev lestvice EATMOT, pri čemer modeli prvega reda predstavljajo primernejše kazalnike, in sicer sta indeks skladnosti (angl. goodness-of-fit index) in primerjalni indeks prileganja (angl. comparative-fit index) zelo blizu vrednosti 1, koren povprečne kvadrirane napake približka (angl. root-mean-square-error-of-approximation), koren povprečja kvadriranih ostankov (angl. root-mean-square-residual) in standardizirani koren povprečja kvadriranih ostankov (angl. standardized-root-mean-square-residual) pa so praktično enaki nič.
Zaključek: Validirana lestvica EATMOT zagotavlja verodostojnost podatkov, pridobljenih s tem instrumentom, in se lahko uporablja v prihodnjih študijah za boljše razumevanje determinant izbire živil na različnih geografskih območjih ter načrtovanje strategij za izboljšanje zdravih prehranjevalnih vzorcev in zmanjšanje bremena nenalezljivih bolezni.
Keywords: eating determinants; emotions; feeding behaviour; healthy diet; instrument validation; socio-cultural environment.
© 2021 Raquel P. F. Guiné, João Duarte, Ana Cristina Ferrão, Manuela Ferreira, Paula Correia, Ana Paula Cardoso, Elena Bartkiene, Viktória Szűcs, Levente Nemes, Marija Ljubičić, Maša Černelič-Bizjak, Kathy Isoldi, Ayman El Kenawy, Vanessa Ferreira, Evita Straumite, Małgorzata Korzeniowska, Elena Vittadini, Marcela Leal, Lucia Frez-Muñoz, Maria Papageorgiou, Ilija Djekić, published by Sciendo.