Electrochemical oxidation of triclosan using Ti/TiO2 NTs/Al-PbO2 electrode: reaction mechanism and toxicity evaluation

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jun;28(21):26479-26487. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12486-9. Epub 2021 Jan 23.

Abstract

5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol (triclosan, TCS) is a potential threat to the environment and human health, and it needs appropriate approaches for its removal. A new modified PbO2 electrode, Al-PbO2 based on TiO2 nanotubes (NTs), was successfully prepared for TCS electrochemical oxidation. Scanning electron microscopy indicated a compact coating layer on the anode. TCS removal on Ti/TiO2 NTs/Al-PbO2 anode followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. The electrical efficiency per log order (EE/O) for oxidation was decreased from 14.79 to 12.90 kWh m-3 order-1 after TiO2 NTs on Ti material and decreased to 8.27 kWh m-3 order-1 after Al3+ doping. The effects of current density, pH value, and electrolyte concentration were investigated. Intermediate organo-chlorinated compounds were detected by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and ion chromatography. Finally, ecotoxicity assessment revealed that the degradation of TCS by electrooxidation system with Ti/TiO2 NTs/Al-PbO2 anode could yield a smaller toxicity compared with parent compounds.

Keywords: 5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol (TCS); Electrochemical oxidation; Mechanism; Ti/TiO2 NTs/Al–PbO2 electrode; Toxicity evaluation.

MeSH terms

  • Electrodes
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • Humans
  • Nanotubes*
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Oxides
  • Titanium
  • Triclosan*
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical* / analysis

Substances

  • Oxides
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • titanium dioxide
  • Triclosan
  • Titanium