Fatigue implications for bending orthopaedic plates

William C H Parr; Tian Wang; Christopher Tan; Michael J Dan; William R Walsh; Per Morberg

doi:10.1016/j.injury.2021.01.022

Fatigue implications for bending orthopaedic plates

Injury. 2021 Oct;52(10):2896-2902. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.01.022. Epub 2021 Jan 17.

Authors

William C H Parr¹, Tian Wang¹, Christopher Tan², Michael J Dan¹, William R Walsh³, Per Morberg⁴

Affiliations

¹ Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (SORL), School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Level 1 Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Gate 6 Avoca Street, Randwick, New South Wales (NSW), 2031, Australia.
² Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (SORL), School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Level 1 Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Gate 6 Avoca Street, Randwick, New South Wales (NSW), 2031, Australia; Sydney Veterinary Emergency and Specialists, Rosebery, New South Wales (NSW), 2018, Australia.
³ Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (SORL), School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Level 1 Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Gate 6 Avoca Street, Randwick, New South Wales (NSW), 2031, Australia. Electronic address: w.walsh@unsw.edu.au.
⁴ Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (SORL), School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Level 1 Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Gate 6 Avoca Street, Randwick, New South Wales (NSW), 2031, Australia; Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences (orthopaedics), Sunderby Research Unit, Umea University, Umea, Sweden.

PMID: 33485637
DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.01.022

Abstract

Objectives: - We aimed to investigate how pre-bending affects the mechanical properties, specifically fatigue, of stainless-steel plates.

Methods: - 3.5mm LCP 10-hole plates were pre-bent in 1, 2 and 3 locations to the same overall degree and fatigue testing performed. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed in Strand7 (version 2.4.6) to better understand the failure point of the plates in four-point bending.

Results: - Six different plate pre-bending conditions were tested for resistance to fatigue failure. Increasing the number of pre-bends improved the fatigue resistance with two pre-bends having a mean 509,304 cycles to failure and three pre-bends 491,378 cycles to failure. The region of highest stress and the point of fatigue failure were at the plate's minimum cross-sectional area, which was predicted by the FEA and confirmed with mechanical testing. For plates pre-bent in two locations, the fatigue failure always occurred in the screw hole not in between the positions of the two pre-bends. Non-linear FEA simulation confirmed that work hardening occurs around pre-bend locations, conferring increased fatigue resistance to the holes next to, or between, pre-bend locations.

Conclusions: We found that contrary to orthopaedic folklore, pre-bending of plates is not detrimental to fatigue resistance of the stainless-steel plates we tested. Pre-bending plates in a single plane increased the fatigue properties of the 10-hole stainless-steel plate tested.

Keywords: Biomechanics; bending plates; fatigue; finite element analysis; work hardening.

MeSH terms

Bone Plates
Fracture Fixation, Internal*
Humans
Materials Testing
Orthopedics*
Stress, Mechanical