Objectives: Intracerebral hemorrhage comprises a large proportion of inter-hospital transfers to comprehensive stroke centers from centers without comprehensive stroke center resources despite lack of mortality benefit and low comprehensive stroke center resource utilization. The subset of patients who derive the most benefit from inter-hospital transfers is unclear. Here, we create a triage model to identify patients who can safely avoid transfer to a comprehensive stroke center.
Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients transferred to our comprehensive stroke center from surrounding centers was used. Patients with early discharge from the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit without use of comprehensive stroke center resources were identified as low risk, non-utilizers. Variables associated with this designation were used to develop and validate a triage model.
Results: The development and replication cohorts comprised 358 and 99 patients respectively, of whom 78 (22%) and 26 (26%) were low risk, non-utilizers. Initial Glasgow Coma Scale and baseline hemorrhage volume were associated with low risk, non-utilizers in multivariate analysis. Initial Glasgow Coma Scale >13, intracerebral hemorrhage volume <15ml, absence of intraventricular hemorrhage, and supratentorial location had an area under curve, specificity, and sensitivity of 0.72, 91.4%, 52.6%, respectively, for identifying low risk, non-utilizers, and 0.75, 84.9%, 65.4%, respectively, in the replication cohort.
Conclusions: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients with Glasgow Coma Scale >13, intracerebral hemorrhage volume <15 ml, absence of intraventricular hemorrhage, and supratentorial location might safely avoid inter-hospital transfer to a comprehensive stroke center. Validation in a prospective, multicenter cohort is warranted.
Keywords: Cerebral hemorrhage; Stroke; Tertiary care centers; Triage.
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