Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of the endoscopic transnasal approach (ETA) and to analyze the outcomes and factors of this surgical technique in the management of the tumor invading the anterior skull base. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 42 patients (31 males and 11 females, with mean age of 49 years) with sinonasal tumor invading the anterior skull base, who underwent ETA from June 2015 to April 2019 in Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University. Pathologically, there were 15 cases of squamous carcinoma (14 patients with T4bN0M0 and 1 patient with T4bN1M0) and 27 of olfactory neuroblastomas with Kadish stage C. Anterior skull base reconstruction was performed using the vascular pedicled nasoseptal mucoperiosteal flap and fascia lata. Brain non-contrast-enhanced CT was performed on the first postoperative day to exclude massive pneumocephalus, relevant brain edema and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Sinonasal contrast-enhanced MR was performed to assess the extent of the tumor removal. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the overall survival (OS) and Cox multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the prognostic factors. Results: The mean duration of the surgery was 452 minutes. Total resection was performed in 36 patients (85.7%), subtotal resection in 2 patients (4.8%) with orbital involvement, partial resection in one patient (2.4%) with injury of the internal carotid artery. One patient (2.4%) underwent the second resection because of the tumor residual, two patients (4.8%) with unsure tumor residual. Mean follow-up was 20 months, with 17 months of median follow-up. One-, two-and three-year overall survival was 86.5%, 76.9% and 64.5%, respectively. For squamous carcinoma, one-, two-and three-year overall survival was 86.2%, 86.2% and 57.4%, respectively. For olfactory neuroblastomas, One-, two-and three-year overall survival was 86.9%, 75.3% and 67.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor residual (P=0.001) and recurrence (P<0.01) were independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions: The ETA is safe and feasible in selected patients with sinonasal tumor invading the anterior skull base. Tumor residual and recurrence are independent prognostic factors for survival.
目的： 分析内镜经鼻入路切除前颅底恶性肿瘤的可行性，并分析其预后及影响因素。 方法： 回顾性分析2015年6月至2019年4月间在复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院就诊的42例前颅底恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料，其中男性31例，女性11例；年龄20~78岁，平均49岁。42例患者中包括鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌（鳞癌）15例（14例T4bN0M0，1例T4bN1M0）、嗅神经母细胞瘤27例（均为Kadish C期）。前颅底切除后采用大腿阔筋膜和带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣进行重建。患者术后第1天行头颅CT平扫排除蛛网膜下腔出血、严重颅内积气和脑水肿，同时行鼻窦增强MR检查判定肿瘤切除情况。使用Kaplan-Meier法统计分析总体生存率，Cox回归分析影响预后的因素。 结果： 42例患者的平均手术时间452 min。术后增强MR明确显示：36例（85.7%）肿瘤全切；2例（4.8%）因侵犯眶内容物且患者强烈要求保留眼球行次全切；1例（2.4%）患者因术中发生颈内动脉损伤而终止手术；1例（2.4%）患者术后MR显示肿瘤残留再次手术切除；2例（4.8%）患者可疑眼眶内侧残留。术后随访2~52个月，平均20个月，中位随访时间17个月；失访2例。术后1、2、3年总体生存率分别为86.5%、76.9%、64.5%；鼻腔鼻窦鳞癌术后1、2、3年的总体生存率分别为86.2%、86.2%、57.4%；嗅神经母细胞瘤1、2、3年的总体生存率分别为86.9%、75.3%、67.8%。多因素分析表明：肿瘤残留（P=0.001）和复发（P<0.01）是影响患者生存的独立危险因素。 结论： 内镜经鼻入路切除前颅底恶性肿瘤可行，预后较好。肿瘤残留和复发是影响患者预后的因素。.