Influence of Elemental Carbon (EC) Coating Covering nc-(Ti,Mo)C Particles on the Microstructure and Properties of Titanium Matrix Composites Prepared by Reactive Spark Plasma Sintering

Anna Biedunkiewicz; Paweł Figiel; Dariusz Garbiec; Aleksei Obrosov; Mirosława Pawlyta; Witold Biedunkiewicz; Przemysław Pruss; Krzysztof Rokosz; Rafał Wróbel; Steinar Raaen; Sabine Weiß; Dmitry Bokov

doi:10.3390/ma14010231

Influence of Elemental Carbon (EC) Coating Covering nc-(Ti,Mo)C Particles on the Microstructure and Properties of Titanium Matrix Composites Prepared by Reactive Spark Plasma Sintering

Materials (Basel). 2021 Jan 5;14(1):231. doi: 10.3390/ma14010231.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, 19 Piastow Avenue, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.
² Łukasiewicz Research Network-Metal Forming Institute, 14 Jana Pawla II Street, 61-139 Poznan, Poland.
³ Department of Metallurgy and Materials Technology, Faculty 3: Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Energy Systems, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 17 Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee Street, 03-046 Cottbus, Germany.
⁴ Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 18A Konarskiego Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
⁵ Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, 19 Piastow Avenue, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.
⁶ Division of Surface Electrochemistry & Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, 15-17 Raclawicka Street, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland.
⁷ Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, 10 Pulaskiego Street, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland.
⁸ Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget E3-124 Høgskoleringen 5, NO 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
⁹ Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya Street, Bldg. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia.

Abstract

This paper describes the microstructure and properties of titanium-based composites obtained as a result of a reactive spark plasma sintering of a mixture of titanium and nanostructured (Ti,Mo)C-type carbide in a carbon shell. Composites with different ceramic addition mass percentage (10 and 20 wt %) were produced. Effect of content of elemental carbon covering nc-(Ti,Mo)C reinforcing phase particles on the microstructure, mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties of the titanium-based composites was investigated. The microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of the Ti + (Ti,Mo)C/C composites were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), electron backscatter diffraction analysis (EBSD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 3D confocal laser scanning microscopy, nanoindentation, and ball-on-disk wear test. Moreover, corrosion resistance in a 3.5 wt % NaCl solution at RT were also investigated. It was found that the carbon content affected the tested properties. With the increase of carbon content from ca. 3 to 40 wt % in the (Ti,Mo)C/C reinforcing phase, an increase in the Young's modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness of spark plasma sintered composites was observed. The results of abrasive and corrosive resistance tests were presented and compared with experimental data obtained for cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy without the reinforcing phase. Moreover, it was found that an increase in the percentage of carbon increased the resistance to abrasive wear and to electrochemical corrosion of composites, measured by the relatively lower values of the friction coefficient and volume of wear and higher values of resistance polarization. This resistance results from the fact that a stable of TiO₂ layer doped with MoO₃ is formed on the surface of the composites. The results of experimental studies on the composites were compared with those obtained for cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy without the reinforcing phase.

Keywords: (Ti,Mo)C/C; EBSD; TiMMCs; fracture toughness; nanocomposites; spark plasma sintering.