Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of several ammonium derivatives of diterpenoids steviol and isosteviol have been investigated in vitro. The results have showed that these compounds possess high antibacterial activity against MRSA strains and cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines MCF-7, M-HeLa, A-549, PC3, HepG2, T98G. Lead compounds 4 and 5 were detected, which, in the case of the MCF-7 cell line (human breast adenocarcinoma), showed IC50 at the doxorubicin level with a selectivity index of 5.0-5.2. Flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy analysis demonstrated that the mechanism of cytotoxic effects of the tested compounds on MCF-7 cells could be associated with the induction of apoptosis along the mitochondrial pathway. At the same time, they did not cause hemolysis and showed only slight cytotoxicity with respect to normal human cells of embryonic lung (Wi-38). The obtained results allow us to consider the studied compounds as promising scaffolds for the design of new effective antibacterial drugs and anticancer agents targeting mitochondria.
Keywords: Ammonium compounds; Antibacterial activity; Antimicrobial activity; Apoptosis; Cytotoxicity; Drug resistance; Hemolysis; Isosteviol; Mitochondria; Steviol.
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