Evaluating the repeatability and set-up sensitivity of a large field of view distortion phantom and software for magnetic resonance-only radiotherapy

Abstract

Background and purpose: Magnetic Resonance (MR)-only radiotherapy requires geometrically accurate MR images over the full scanner Field of View (FoV). This study aimed to investigate the repeatability of distortion measurements made using a commercial large FoV phantom and analysis software and the sensitivity of these measurements to small set-up errors.

Materials and methods: Geometric distortion was measured using a commercial phantom and software with 2D and 3D acquisition sequences on three different MR scanners. Two sets of repeatability measurements were made: three scans acquired without moving the phantom between scans (single set-up) and five scans acquired with the phantom re-set up in between each scan (repeated set-up). The set-up sensitivity was assessed by scanning the phantom with an intentional 1 mm lateral offset and independently an intentional 1° rotation.

Results: The mean standard deviation of distortion for all phantom markers for the repeated set-up scans was $<0.4\mathrm{mm}$ for all scanners and sequences. For the $1\mathrm{mm}$ lateral offset scan $90\%$ of the markers agreed within two standard deviations of the mean of the repeated set-up scan (median of all scanners and sequences, range 78%-93%). For the 1° rotation scan, 80% of markers agreed within two standard deviations of the mean (range 69%-93%).

Conclusions: Geometric distortion measurements using a commercial phantom and associated software appear repeatable, although with some sensitivity to set-up errors. This suggests the phantom and software are appropriate for commissioning a MR-only radiotherapy workflow.

Keywords: Geometric distortion; MR-only radiotherapy planning; Magnetic resonance imaging; Radiotherapy.