To investigate the effect of environmental stresses on the exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, after 24 h of culture at 37 °C with pH 6.8 and without sodium chloride, Lactobacillus plantarum VAL6 was exposed to different stress conditions, including pH (pHs of 3 and 8) and high sodium chloride concentration treatments. The results found that Lactobacillus plantarum VAL6 exposed to stress at pH 3 for 3 h gives the highest exopolysaccharide yield (50.44 g/L) which is 6.4 fold higher than non-stress. Under pH and sodium chloride stresses, the mannose content in exopolysaccharides decreased while the glucose increased in comparison with non-stress condition. The galactose content was highest under stress condition of pH 8 meantime rhamnose content increased sharply when Lactobacillus plantarum VAL6 was stressed at pH 3. The arabinose content in exopolysaccharides was not detected under non-stress condition but it was recorded in great amounts after 3 h of stress at pH 3. In addition, stress of pH 8 triggered the mRNA expression of epsF gene resulting in galactose-rich EPS synthesis. According to our results, the stresses of pH and sodium chloride enhance the production and change the mRNA expression of epsF gene, leading to differences in the monosaccharide composition of exopolysaccharides.