Role of dietary fiber in the recovery of the human gut microbiome and its metabolome

Cell Host Microbe. 2021 Mar 10;29(3):394-407.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.12.012. Epub 2021 Jan 12.

Abstract

Gut microbiota metabolites may be important for host health, yet few studies investigate the correlation between human gut microbiome and production of fecal metabolites and their impact on the plasma metabolome. Since gut microbiota metabolites are influenced by diet, we performed a longitudinal analysis of the impact of three divergent diets, vegan, omnivore, and a synthetic enteral nutrition (EEN) diet lacking fiber, on the human gut microbiome and its metabolome, including after a microbiota depletion intervention. Omnivore and vegan, but not EEN, diets altered fecal amino acid levels by supporting the growth of Firmicutes capable of amino acid metabolism. This correlated with relative abundance of a sizable number of fecal amino acid metabolites, some not previously associated with the gut microbiota. The effect on the plasma metabolome, in contrast, were modest. The impact of diet, particularly fiber, on the human microbiome influences broad classes of metabolites that may modify health.

Keywords: dietary fiber, vegan, omnivore, amino acid; enteral nutrition; metabolome; microbiome.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acids
  • Bacteria / metabolism
  • Diet
  • Dietary Fiber*
  • Enteral Nutrition
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Firmicutes / metabolism
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome / genetics
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Metabolome
  • Vegans

Substances

  • Amino Acids
  • Dietary Fiber