Rhus semialata M. extract ameliorate para-phenylenediamine-induced toxicity in keratinocytes

Hyunju Woo; Hayeon Kim; Seoungwoo Shin; Jong Heon Shin; Dehun Ryu; Deokhoon Park; Eunsun Jung

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.12.020

Rhus semialata M. extract ameliorate para-phenylenediamine-induced toxicity in keratinocytes

Toxicol Rep. 2020 Dec 26:8:96-105. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.12.020. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Hyunju Woo¹, Hayeon Kim¹, Seoungwoo Shin¹, Jong Heon Shin¹, Dehun Ryu¹, Deokhoon Park¹, Eunsun Jung¹

Affiliation

¹ BioSpectrum Life Science Institute, U-TOWER 18th FL, 767, Sinsu-Ro, Suji-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 16827, Republic of Korea.

Abstract

para-Phenylediamine (PPD), a major component of hair dyeing ingredients, can induce allergenic sensitization and exert mutagenic, tumorigenic and cytotoxic effect. In this study, we determined the cytotoxic effect of PPD on human keratinocytes and evaluated the protective effect of Rhus semialata M. extracts (RSE) on PPD induced cytotoxicity for the first time. We observed that RSE is a strong inhibitory agent against PPD-induced toxicity in human keratinocytes. The results indicated that RSE pretreatment significantly could suppress PPD induced cytotoxic effects, including decrease of cell viability, accumulation in subG1 phase of cells, and relocation of phosphatidylserine on keratinocytes. Also, we found that PPD caused cytotoxicity was associated with mitochondrial membrane potential loss and subsequent activation of caspase and PARP degradation. However, pretreatment of RSE showed preventive activities against PPD induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss and ROS production in keratinocytes. In conclusion, the results of present study suggest that RSE was able to protect the skin from several cytotoxic effects of PPD and could be a meaningful material in many industries using PPD.

Keywords: Apoptosis; DCFH-DA, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide; DiOC6, 3,3'dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide; FBS, Fetal bovine serum; Keratinocytes; MTT, 3-[4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; Mitochondrial damage; PI, Propidium iodide; PPD, para-Phenylenediamine; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; RSE, Rhus semialata M extracts; Rhus semialata M; para-Phenylenediamine.