Introduction: Nasal septal abscess is a rare disorder in pediatric patients and is mostly diagnosed as a complication of trauma or secondary to dental or sinonasal infection.
Case presentation: A 10-year-old girl presented with acute nasal obstruction, otalgia, and headache. Medical history was negative; physical examination and anterior rhinoscopy did not reveal signs of acute rhinosinusitis or septal abscess.
Management and outcome: A thorough nasal endoscopy was performed to rule out a posterior nasal infection, revealing a bilateral posterior septal bulging, in the absence of purulent discharge. CT scan and contrast-enhanced MRI were performed, confirming the diagnosis of a spontaneous posterior septal abscess. Trans-nasal endoscopic-assisted drainage was conducted under general anesthesia. Haemophilus influenzae was detected on culture.
Discussion: Although rare, nasal septal abscess in the pediatric age is typically anterior and secondary to local trauma or infection. Accurate medical history and anterior rhinoscopy are usually sufficient to make the diagnosis. In cases where the clinical presentation is consistent with a nasal septal abscess, with no history of recent local trauma or infection, or signs of anterior septal bulging, nasal endoscopy should be performed to rule out spontaneous posterior septal abscess. Delay in diagnosis and treatment could potentially cause the rapid onset of life-threatening complications, including intracranial abscess, meningitis, and cavernous sinus thrombosis.
Keywords: endoscopic nasal surgery; nasal septal abscess; pediatric.