The characteristics of regulatory macrophages and their roles in transplantation

Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Feb:91:107322. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107322. Epub 2021 Jan 5.

Abstract

Regulatory macrophages (Mregs) are a subtype of macrophages that are involved in regulating immune responses and inhibiting activated T lymphocyte proliferation. With advances in our basic understanding of Mregs and the revelation of their biological characteristics, Mregs have become a focus of research. In addition to promoting malignant tumor progression, Mregs also play an immunosuppressive role in inflammatory diseases and transplantation. Recent studies have shown that Mregs are closely associated with the induction of transplantation immune tolerance. Immune regulatory cell treatment as an adjunct immunosuppressive therapy offers new insights into the mechanism by which transplantation immune tolerance is established. The application of Mreg-based cellular immunotherapy has shown promise in clinical solid organ transplantation. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of Mreg morphology, phenotype, induction and negative immunoregulatory function and discuss the role of Mregs in different transplantation models as well as their potential application value in clinical organ transplantation.

Keywords: Cellular immunotherapy; Immune tolerance; Immunosuppressive; Regulatory macrophages (Mregs); Transplantation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adoptive Transfer* / adverse effects
  • Animals
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Graft Rejection / immunology
  • Graft Rejection / metabolism
  • Graft Rejection / prevention & control*
  • Graft Survival* / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Macrophages / immunology
  • Macrophages / metabolism
  • Macrophages / transplantation*
  • Organ Transplantation* / adverse effects
  • Phenotype
  • Transplantation Tolerance* / drug effects
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Immunosuppressive Agents