Background: The present study aimed to assess the correlation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 expression with clinical characteristics, then further explore its value in predicting 2-year in-stent restenosis (ISR) risk in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES).
Methods: In this prospective, single-center, observational study, totally 214 CHD patients treated by PCI with DES were consecutively recruited, and peripheral blood samples were collected prior to PCI with DES for serum samples isolation. Following, FGF-23 level in the serum samples was detected via enzyme linked-immuno-sorbent Assay. The follow-up coronary angiography was performed at 1 year and 2 years after PCI or if suspected ISR symptoms occurred.
Results: FGF-23 was positively correlated with fasting blood-glucose, insulin resistance, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, LDL-C, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, cardiac troponin I and N-terminal-proB-type natriuretic peptide, while was negatively associated with HDL-C and left ventricular ejection fraction (all P < 0.01). Furthermore, FGF-23 was positively correlated with hypercholesteremia, hyperuricemia and family history of CAD (all P < 0.05). However, it did not correlate with other chronic complications, biochemical indexes, lesion features or PCI parameters (all P > 0.05). Moreover, FGF-23 level was higher in 2-year ISR patients (n = 38) compared to 2-year non-ISR patients (n = 176) (P < 0.001), and receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that FGF-23 was of good value in predicting 2-year ISR risk (AUC 0.828, 95% CI 0.761-0.896).
Conclusion: FGF-23 correlates with endocrine and metabolism dysregulation, worse cardiac and renal function, inflammation level, stenosis degree of target lesion, and serves as an independent risk factor for 2-year ISR risk in CHD patients underwent PCI with DES.
Keywords: Coronary heart disease; Drug-eluting stent; Fibroblast growth factor 23; In-stent restenosis; Risk factors.