Serious groundwater pollution not only affects the development of enterprises but also threatens the life and health of residents. To explore the utilization potential of shallow groundwater and the status of water quality pollution in Daqing city, factor analysis and Kriging spatial interpolation methods were applied to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of pollution sources. The results showed that the HCO3-Ca + Mg type water with a maximum salinity of 1.5 g/L was the main chemical type of shallow groundwater in this area. Based on the Fe pollution index, the shallow underground water quality in the northeast of Daqing city can be used for drinking. Due to higher salinity, the locations of the availability of groundwater for irrigation only were in the west. Multivariate statistical analysis was carried out using a factor analysis method, and eight main impact factors were extracted in the study. The pollution sources of human activity impact factors were mainly found to be the direct discharge of organic matter from industrial wastewater in petrochemical enterprises and domestic sewage and the inappropriate or excessive application of agricultural fertilizers. The primary geological environment factors were mainly affected by the hydrogeological and runoff conditions in the study area. Pollution factors were mainly distributed in the northeast of the study area where the pollution was a serious problem, while those in the south-central area were fewer and the pollution was light. This study provides a scientific decision basis for the application of groundwater and the management of groundwater resources in this area.
Keywords: Factor analysis; Groundwater pollution; Groundwater quality assessment; Human activity; Hydrochemistry; Kriging spatial interpolation; Spatial distribution of pollution sources.