Gut Microbiota and Human Body Interactions; Its Impact on Health: A Review

Abstract

Gut microbiota (GM), as an organ of the human body, has a particular and autonomous function that is related to it. This review aims to investigate human intestinal and gut microbiota interaction and its impact on health. As a creation referable database about this dynamic and complex organ, several comprehensive projects are implemented by using culture-dependent (culturomics), culture- independent methods (e.g., metagenomics, mathematics model), and Gnotobiological together. This study was done by searching PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar database in the gut, health microbiota, and interaction keywords. The first acquired microbiota during pregnancy or childbirth is colonized in the gut by using specific and non-specific mechanisms. Its structure and shape reach relative stability with selection pressure along with host development until adulthood and keeps its resilience against external or internal variables depending on the host's genetics and negative feedback. According to research, individuals have 2 functional group microbiotas, including the core (common between vast majorities human) and flexible (transient population) microbiome. The most important role of the GM in the human body can be summarized in three basic landscapes: metabolic, immune system, and gut-brain axis interaction. So, the loss of microbial population balance will lead to disorder and disease.

Keywords: Gut microbiota; composition; core microbiome; disease; dysbiosis; function; interaction; metagenomic.