Exogenic production of bioactive filamentous biopolymer by monogonant rotifers

Abstract

The chemical ecology of rotifers has been little studied. A yet unknown property is presented within some monogonant rotifers, namely the ability to produce an exogenic filamentous biopolymer, named 'Rotimer'. This rotifer-specific viscoelastic fiber was observed in six different freshwater monogonants (Euchlanis dilatata, Lecane bulla, Lepadella patella, Itura aurita, Colurella adriatica and Trichocerca iernis) in exception of four species. Induction of Rotimer secretion can only be achieved by mechanically irritating rotifer ciliate with administering different types (yeast cell skeleton, denatured BSA, epoxy, Carmine or urea crystals and micro-cellulose) and sizes (approx. from 2.5 to 50 µm diameter) of inert particles, as inductors or visualization by adhering particles. The thickness of this Rotimer is 33 ± 3 nm, detected by scanning electron microscope. This material has two structural formations (fiber or gluelike) in nano dimension. The existence of the novel adherent natural product becomes visible by forming a 'Rotimer-Inductor Conglomerate' (RIC) web structure within a few minutes. The RIC-producing capacity of animals, depends on viability, is significantly modified according to physiological- (depletion), drug- (toxin or stimulator) and environmental (temperature, salt content and pH) effects. The E. dilatata-produced RIC is affected by protein disruptors but is resistant to several chemical influences and its Rotimer component has an overwhelming cell (algae, yeast and human neuroblastoma) motility inhibitory effect, associated with low toxicity. This biopolymer-secretion-capacity is protective of rotifers against human-type beta-amyloid aggregates.

Keywords: Acetic acid (PubChem CID: 176); BSA (PubChem CID: 384256260); Beta-amyloid; Beta-amyloid 1-42 (PubChem CID: 57339251); Biopolymer; Calcein-AM (PubChem CID: 390986); Carmine crystals (PubChem CID: 14950); Collagenase II (PubChem CID: 18680304); DMSO (PubChem CID: 679); EDTA (PubChem CID: 6049); EGTA (PubChem CID: 6207); Etanol (PubChem CID: 702); Euchlanis dilatata; Exudate; Glycerol (PubChem CID: 753); HCl (PubChem CID: 313); KBr (PubChem CID: 253877); Methanol (PubChem CID: 887); Micro-cellulose (PubChem CID: 16211032); Monogonant rotifer; NaHCO(3) (PubChem CID: 516892); NaN(3) (PubChem CID: 335587); NaOH (PubChem CID: 14798); SDS (PubChem CID: 8778); SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line; Spermidine (PubChem CID: 1102); TPEN (PubChem CID: 5519); Triton X-100 (PubChem CID: 5590); Trypsin (PubChem CID: 5311489); Urea (PubChem CID: 1176).