Electroconvulsive therapy use in the adult U.S. correctional setting: A case report and literature review

J Forensic Sci. 2021 May;66(3):1161-1164. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14652. Epub 2021 Jan 4.

Abstract

Mr. C is a 45-year-old male inmate who was found in his cell unresponsive and mute. He had poor food and fluid intake for the last four days and was later found standing in place, frozen, and resistant to movement when encouraged by a corrections officer to rest in his bed. His symptoms were consistent with catatonia, a severe motor syndrome that can be life-threatening. The patient had a psychiatric history of bipolar I disorder with multiple past episodes of catatonia. Lorazepam was ineffective at reversing his catatonic symptoms, and his serum creatinine kinase level eventually began to rise, suggestive of muscle breakdown and worsening severity. The treating psychiatrist wanted access to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to treat Mr. C's catatonia but encountered numerous legal and logistical barriers which made this treatment option unavailable. The article reviews the scant literature on ECT use in the adult U.S. correctional system, identifies barriers, and discusses a recommended ECT referral process for inmates.

Keywords: catatonia; correctional system; electroconvulsive therapy; forensic psychiatry; malingering; prisons and jails.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Bipolar Disorder / psychology
  • Catatonia / psychology
  • Catatonia / therapy*
  • Creatine Kinase / blood
  • Electroconvulsive Therapy*
  • Health Services Accessibility*
  • Health Services Needs and Demand*
  • Humans
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / adverse effects
  • Lorazepam / adverse effects
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prisoners*
  • Treatment Failure
  • United States

Substances

  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Creatine Kinase
  • Lorazepam