Breathing problems, being an only child and having parents with possible sleep bruxism are associated with probable sleep bruxism in preschoolers: a population-based study

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of probable sleep bruxism (SB) in preschoolers and associated factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based study was carried out with 862 dyads of parents/preschoolers aged 5 from Teresina, Brazil. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire answered by parents/guardians about socioeconomic, demographic, and health condition data. Each child was examined for diagnosis of probable SB based on the presence of dental wear associated or not with the report of teeth grinding by parents/guardians. The analysis of independent variables was stratified into four levels of determinants: demographic characteristics of the child (distal), characteristics of the family, environmental factors (intermediate), and health conditions (proximal). Descriptive analysis and bivariate and multivariate Poisson's regression were performed using a hierarchical approach (p < 0.05).

Results: The prevalence of probable SB was 36%. In the final adjusted multivariate hierarchical model, a preschooler who was the only child (PR = 1.25; 95%CI = 1.02-1.51), with breathing problems (PR = 1.43; 95%CI = 1.19-1.73), and having parents/guardians with possible sleep bruxism (PR = 1.65; 95%CI = 1.32-2.07) had a higher prevalence of probable SB.

Conclusion: The prevalence of probable SB in preschoolers was high and associated with the condition of being an only child, the presence of breathing problems, and having parents/guardians with possible sleep bruxism.

Keywords: Child; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Sleep bruxism.