Pain in women with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis is related to systemic inflammation and to adipose tissue dysfunction: Cross-sectional results of the KHOALA cohort

Abstract

Background: Considering the role of metabolic diseases in osteoarthritis (OA), we investigated whether biomarkers of adipose tissue dysfunction could be associated with OA-related pain.

Design: We cross-sectionally analyzed patients with knee and/or hip OA at inclusion in the KHOALA cohort. We used visual analogic scale (VAS) for pain, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Osteoarthritis Knee and Hip Quality of Life (OAKHQOL) pain subscores. At inclusion, we measured ultra-sensitive CRP (usCRP), leptin and adiponectin for calculation of leptin:adiponectin ratio (LAR), a marker of adipose tissue dysfunction associated with central adiposity, high-molecular-weight adiponectin, visfatin and apolipoproteins. Univariate and multivariable analyses using stepwise linear regression models were performed to search for correlation between pain assessments and these biomarkers, with systematic adjustment on age.

Results: In 596 women with hip and/or knee OA, multivariable analyses indicated that higher pain intensity was associated with higher LAR (VAS pain: β=0.49; p = 0.0001, OAKHQOL pain: β=-0.46; p = 0.0002, WOMAC pain: β=0.30; p = 0.001) in the whole group as well as in hip or knee OA patients considered separately. Pain intensity correlated also with usCRP level (VAS pain: β= 0.27; p = 0.02, OAKHQOL pain: β =-0.30; p = 0.01) and Kellgren-Lawrence score. In 267 men, no correlation between biomarkers and pain was found.

Conclusion: Serum LAR and usCRP level are associated with pain level, independently of radiographic structural severity in women with hip and/or knee OA, emphasizing the role of adipose tissue dysfunction and of meta-inflammation in pain experience in the female population.

Keywords: Adipokines; Inflammation; Osteoarthritis; Pain.