Long-Term Electrodeposition under a Uniform Parallel Magnetic Field. 1. Instability of Two-Dimensional Nucleation in an Electric Double Layer

Ryoichi Morimoto; Miki Miura; Atsushi Sugiyama; Makoto Miura; Yoshinobu Oshikiri; Yena Kim; Iwao Mogi; Satoshi Takagi; Yusuke Yamauchi; Ryoichi Aogaki

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05903

Long-Term Electrodeposition under a Uniform Parallel Magnetic Field. 1. Instability of Two-Dimensional Nucleation in an Electric Double Layer

J Phys Chem B. 2020 Dec 31;124(52):11854-11869. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05903. Epub 2020 Dec 1.

Authors

Ryoichi Morimoto¹, Miki Miura², Atsushi Sugiyama^{3

4

5}, Makoto Miura⁶, Yoshinobu Oshikiri⁷, Yena Kim⁵, Iwao Mogi⁸, Satoshi Takagi⁹, Yusuke Yamauchi^{10

11

12}, Ryoichi Aogaki^{5

13}

Affiliations

¹ Saitama Industrial Technology Center, Kawaguchi, Saitama 333-0844, Japan.
² Polytechnic Center Kimitsu, Kimitsu, Chiba 299-1142, Japan.
³ Yoshino Denka Kogyo, Inc., Yoshikawa, Saitama 342-0008, Japan.
⁴ Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan.
⁵ International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
⁶ Hokkaido Polytechnic College, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0292, Japan.
⁷ Yamagata College of Industry and Technology, Matsuei, Yamagata 990-2473, Japan.
⁸ Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
⁹ Koriyama Technical Academy, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8816, Japan.
¹⁰ School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
¹¹ JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
¹² Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea.
¹³ Polytechnic University, Sumida, Tokyo 130-0026, Japan.

PMID: 33379871
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05903

Abstract

Under a parallel magnetic field, after long-term copper deposition from an acidic copper sulfate solution, numerous spherical secondary nodules of 10 to 100 μm diameters were formed one upon another in dendritic mode. This is a new type of micro-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect arising from the unstable growth of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclei by specific adsorption of hydrogen ions (second micro-MHD effect). From the viewpoint of instability in electrodeposition, though 3D nucleation in the diffusion layer is always unstable, with ionic specific adsorption such as hydrogen ions, stable 2D nucleation turns unstable after long-term deposition. The resultant competitive growth of 3D and 2D nuclei produces spherical nodules as their composite, leading to their dendritic growth. Furthermore, though negligibly small, nonequilibrium fluctuations occurring in 2D nucleation migrate with the laminar solution flow caused by Lorentz force (MHD flow). Depending on whether the ionic adsorption is specific or nonspecific, the traveling asymmetrical fluctuation changes the direction to the upstream or downstream side, respectively.