Objective: To explore the improvement of emergency admission screening and perioperative management protocols in the scenario of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its regular prevention and control for patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms, which are the most common emergency cases with the most urgent needs for emergent surgery. Methods: The response protocol of the emergency surgical management of ruptured intracranial aneurysm during the epidemic period (from January to March, 2020) at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University was reviewed. The prognosis of emergent aneurysm surgery under different levels of protection or during the same period of 2019 and 2020 was further compared to describe the operation and prognosis under the new management protocol. Results: A total of 127 emergency cases with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were referred to Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 20 to March 25, 2020, and 42 cases(33.1%) underwent emergent aneurysm clipping after multi-desciplinary consultation. Admissions of emergency cases required epidemiological, laboratory, and imaging screenings for COVID-19, with additional throat swab virus nucleic acid screening afterwards. During the same period, 9 cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in the emergency screening, and no false negative cases were found. Compared with the same period in 2019, the interval between emergency visits and emergency craniotomy did not increase significantly due to the preoperative screening ((37±17) hours during the epidemic period versus (29±12) hours at the same period in 2019, P=0.058). There was no significant difference in the incidence of perioperative adverse events and postoperative neurological dysfunction (P=0.779). According to the screening results, the corresponding operative and postoperative management protocol and protection standards were adopted. There was no significant difference in the prognosis of emergent surgery between patients with a negative initial screening and those who were to be excluded or suspected in the initial screening (P=0.678). Although viral nucleic acid screening tended to prolong the time interval before surgical intervention ((36±15) hours before nucleic acid screening versus (40±20) hours after nucleic acid screening, P=0.453), there was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative adverse events and postoperative neurological function (P=0.653). Conclusion: The current protocol of COVID-19 screening and stratified emergent surgery management based on screening results can effectively identify suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases, thereby ensuring timely, safe and effective emergent surgery and prohibiting nosocomial spread.
目的： 本研究以神经外科急诊最为常见且最迫切需要紧急手术干预的颅内动脉瘤破裂出血为研究对象，探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称新冠肺炎）疫情流行及防控常态化的情况下急诊入院筛查及围手术期管理流程。 方法： 本研究回顾自疫情暴发以来、我国国内疫情相对集中时期（2020年1至3月），首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院在颅内动脉瘤破裂出血急诊外科救治方面实行的应对管理方案，并通过对比2019年同期及不同防护级别下的急诊动脉瘤患者手术及预后情况，进一步分析在此管理方案下手术开展情况及疗效。 结果： 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院2020年1月20日至3月25日急诊动脉瘤蛛网膜下腔出血病例127例，其中42例（33.1%）急诊动脉瘤蛛网膜下腔出血患者经多学科会诊，行急诊开颅动脉瘤夹闭手术。急诊入院对患者开展新冠肺炎流行病学、实验室、影像学筛查，后期增加咽拭子病毒核酸筛查。同期急诊就诊患者中共筛查出新冠肺炎确诊病例9例，未发现筛查假阴性病例。相较去年同期，增加术前筛查后，急诊就诊到急诊开颅手术间隔差异无统计学意义[新冠流行期间（37±17）h比去年同期（29±12）h；P=0.058]。围手术期不良事件以及术后神经功能障碍发生率差异均无统计学意义（P=0.779）。根据筛查分级采取相应的手术及术后管理方案及防护标准。初筛阴性相较于初筛待排除或可疑患者的急诊手术预后差异无统计学意义（P=0.678）。尽管病毒核酸检测筛查倾向于延长急诊术前等待时间[开展核酸筛查前（36±15）h比开展核酸筛查后（40±20）h，P=0.453]，但围手术期不良事件发生率及术后神经功能预后差异无统计学意义（P=0.653）。 结论： 目前采取的神经外科急诊动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血病例新冠肺炎筛查流程及以新冠肺炎筛查风险分级管理为中心的急诊手术围手术期诊疗流程，能够有效筛查出新冠肺炎疑似及确诊病例，杜绝疫情院内传播的前提下，保障患者急诊手术的及时、安全、有效。.
Keywords: Aneurysm, ruptured; Coronavirus infection; Emergency medical service; Neurosurgical procedures; Pandemic.