The risk of acute functional decline increases with age, and concepts including frailty and post-acute care syndrome have been proposed; however, the effects of the nutritional status currently remain unclear. Patients admitted to the emergency department of Hitachi General Hospital for infectious diseases between April 2018 and May 2019 were included. To identify risk factors for functional decline at discharge, defined as Barthel Index <60, we investigated basic characteristics, such as age, sex, disease severity, the pre-morbid care status, and cognitive impairment, as well as laboratory data on admission, including albumin as a nutritional assessment indicator. In total, 460 surviving patients out of 610 hospitalized for infection were analyzed. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, factors independently associated with Barthel Index <60 at discharge were age (adjusted OR 1.03, 95%CI 1.01-1.06, p = 0.022), serum albumin (adjusted OR: 0.63, 95%CI: 0.41-0.99, p = 0.043), and the need for care prior to admission (adjusted OR: 5.92, 95%CI: 3.15-11.15, p < 0.001). Hypoalbuminemia on admission in addition to age and the need for care prior to admission were identified as risk factors for functional decline in patients hospitalized for infection. Functional decline did not correlate with the severity of illness.
Keywords: albumin; frailty; nutrition; post-acute care syndrome; post-intensive care syndrome; sarcopenia.