Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the association between periodontal disease (PD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and its two major forms Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
Materials and methods: We searched articles in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and LILACS published until March 2020. Observational studies evaluating the coexistence of PD in IBD and reported values of clinical periodontal parameters, or radiographic bone loss; and IBD diagnosis established by clinical, radiological, endoscopic and histological criteria were deemed eligible.
Results: A total of 9 studies were included (33,216 individuals). Only one study reported longitudinal data on IBDs onset in patients with PD. Several case-control studies reported coexistence. Meta-analysis showed that the presence of PD was associated with IBD (2.78 [95%CI 1.36-5.69]). PD was strongly associated both with CD (3.41 [95%CI 1.36-8.56]) and UC (3.98 [95%CI 2.02-7.87]).
Conclusion: This review presents clear evidence for an association between PD and IBDs. Future studies should avoid non-longitudinal designs and focus on addressing direction. PD screening may be included in the multidisciplinary management of IBD patients. The mere theoretical possibility that PD may predispose to IBDs may be of key significance due to the rising incidence of diseases.
Keywords: Periodontal disease; inflammatory bowel disease; meta-analysis; periodontitis; review; risk factor.