Background: Exposure to ionizing radiation could affect the brain and eyes leading to cognitive and vision impairment, behavior disorders and performance decrement during professional irradiation at medical radiology, includinginterventional radiological procedures, long-term space flights, and radiation accidents.
Objective: The objective was to analyze the current experimental, epidemiological, and clinical data on the radiation cerebro-ophthalmic effects.
Materials and methods: In our analytical review peer-reviewed publications via the bibliographic and scientometric bases PubMed / MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and selected papers from the library catalog of NRCRM - theleading institution in the field of studying the medical effects of ionizing radiation - were used.
Results: The probable radiation-induced cerebro-ophthalmic effects in human adults comprise radiation cataracts,radiation glaucoma, radiation-induced optic neuropathy, retinopathies, angiopathies as well as specific neurocognitive deficit in the various neuropsychiatric pathology including cerebrovascular pathology and neurodegenerativediseases. Specific attention is paid to the likely stochastic nature of many of those effects. Those prenatally and inchildhood exposed are a particular target group with a higher risk for possible radiation effects and neurodegenerative diseases.
Conclusions: The experimental, clinical, epidemiological, anatomical and pathophysiological rationale for visualsystem and central nervous system (CNS) radiosensitivity is given. The necessity for further international studieswith adequate dosimetric support and the follow-up medical and biophysical monitoring of high radiation riskcohorts is justified. The first part of the study currently being published presents the results of the study of theeffects of irradiation in the participants of emergency works at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP).
Peredumova. Ionizuiuche vyprominiuvannia mozhe vplyvaty na golovnyĭ mozok ta organ zoru, vyklykaiuchy kognityvni ta zorovi rozlady, porushennia povedinky ta znyzhennia pratsezdatnosti pry profesiĭnomu oprominenni vmedychniĭ radiologiï, zokrema, pry interventsiĭnykh radiologichnykh protsedurakh, tryvalykh kosmichnykh pol'otakh imozhlyvykh radiatsiĭnykh avariiakh.Meta. Metoiu danogo tsyklu robit ie analiz suchasnykh eksperymental'nykh, epidemiologichnykh i klinichnykh danykh stosovno radiatsiĭnykh tserebrooftal'mologichnykh efektiv.Materyaly ta metody. U nashomu analitychnomu ogliadi buly vykorystani retsenzovani publikatsiï z bibliografichnykh i naukometrychnykh baz PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, z biblioteky NNTsRM – providnoï ustanovy vgaluzi vyvchennia medychnykh efektiv vplyvu ionizuiuchogo vyprominiuvannia.Rezul'taty. Ĭmovirni tserebrooftal'mologichni efekty u doroslykh osib vkliuchaiut' radiatsiĭnu kataraktu, promenevu glaukomu, radioindukovanu zorovu nevropatiiu, retynopatiï, angiopatiï ta spetsyfichnyĭ neĭrokognityvnyĭdefitsyt pry riznomanitniĭ neĭropsykhiatrychniĭ patologiï, vkliuchaiuchy tserebrovaskuliarnu patologiiu i neĭrodegeneratyvni zakhvoriuvannia. Osoblyva uvaga prydiliaiet'sia ĭmovirnomu stokhastychnomu kharakteru bagat'okh takykhefektiv. Osoby, iaki zaznaly vplyvu ionizuiuchogo vyprominiuvannia vnutrishn'outrobno ta v dytiachomu vitsi, ie osoblyvoiu tsil'ovoiu grupoiu, iaka maie bil'sh vysokyĭ ryzyk mozhlyvykh radiatsiĭnykh efektiv i neĭrodegeneratyvnykhzakhvoriuvan'.Vysnovky. Navedeno eksperymental'ne, klinichne, epidemiologichne, anatomichne ta patofiziologichne obґruntuvannia radiochutlyvosti zorovogo analizatora i tsentral'noï nervovoï systemy. Obgruntovana neobkhidnist' podal'shykh doslidzhen' z adekvatnym dozymetrychnym suprovodom ta tryvalym medychnym i biofizychnym monitoryngom kogort vysokogo radiatsiĭnogo ryzyku, zokrema, dlia otsinky mozhlyvykh mekhanizmiv rozvytku patologichnykhzmin. U pershiĭ chastyni doslidzhennia vykladeni rezul'taty vyvchennia naslidkiv oprominennia uchasnykiv avariĭnykhrobit na ChAES.
Keywords: cerebroophthalmic effects; ionizing radiation; macular degeneration; neurocognitive deficit; radiation accident; radiation cataracts.
K.N. Loganovsky, P.A. Fedirko, K.V. Kuts, D. Marazziti, K.Yu. Antypchuk, I.V. Perchuk, T.F. Babenko, T.K. Loganovska, O.O. Kolosynska, G.Yu. Kreinis, M.V. Gresko, S.V. Masiuk, L.L. Zdorenko, N.A. Zdanevich, N.A. Garkava, R.Yu. Dorichevska, Z.L. Vasilenko, V.I. Kravchenko, N.V. Drosdova, Yu.V. Yefimova.