Chipping and wear patterns in extant primate and fossil hominin molars: 'Functional' cusps are associated with extensive wear but low levels of fracture

Affiliations

• ¹ Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. Electronic address: ian.towle@otago.ac.nz.
• ² Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
• ³ Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, L3 3AF, UK; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PaleoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa.
• ⁴ Elettra Synchrotron Trieste S. c. P. A., Synchrotron Radiation for Medical Physics (SYRMEP), Trieste, 34149, Basovizza, TS, Italy.
• ⁵ Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.