Background: Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory condition that can affect skin, mucous membranes, hair follicles, and/or nails. Nail abnormalities are estimated to occur in around 10% of LP cases. Clinical characteristics of nail involvement have been the subject of very few studies, which have mainly focused on isolated nail LP.
Objectives: To identify and describe nail alterations in patients with LP.
Methods: Seventy-five patients with cutaneous lichen planus (CLP) were included in the study. The diagnosis of LP was histologically confirmed in each case. Onychomycosis was excluded in each patient.
Results: Nail lesions were present in 21 (28%) patients (mean age 58.1 ± 12.55 years) with CLP. On an average, patients had 9.38 nails affected. A slight female preponderance was noted (57%). Nail involvement was independent of age, gender, presence of pruritus, the affected skin area, or the duration of CLP. The most common finding in the fingernails (n = 122) was longitudinal ridging (85.2%), followed by nail plate thinning (38.2%) and onycholysis (17.2%). Pterygium formation (6.6%) and red lunulae (8.2%) were limited to the fingernails. In the fingernails, matrix involvement (98.4%) was more frequent than nail bed involvement (27%). The most common finding in the toenails (n = 75) was hyperkeratosis (82.7%) with yellowish discoloration (69.3%). No cases of trachyonychia or anonychia were noted.
Conclusions: Nail abnormalities in patients with CLP may be more common than initially assessed. Rare formation of pterygium and absence of anonychia in patients with predominant cutaneous involvement might point at mild course of the nail disease in such cases.
Keywords: lichen planus; nails; onycholysis; pterygium.