Objective: To evaluate the predictive role of ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene in protocol CCLG-ALL-2008 as well as identify the prognostic factors that influence the outcome of ALL with ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene. Methods: One hundred and seventy-eight patients newly diagnosed with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia with ETV6-RUNX1 rearrangement from April 2008 to April 2015 were enrolled in CCLG-ALL-2008. The follow up period ended in July 2018; we performed retrospective analyses of their data to determine the efficacy of the regimen and the prognostic factors. Results: The median age of the study population (178 pediatric patients) , including 100 boys and 78 girls was 4 (1-13) y, and the median white blood cell count at diagnosis was 9.46 (1.25-239.83) ×10(9)/L. Three patients died, and 1 was lost to follow up by the end of the first induction chemotherapy, resulting in an induced remission rate of 97.8% (174/178) . The cumulative incidence of relapse was 15.9% with a median follow up of 73.5 mon. Total 83.3% of the relapse cases were those of isolated bone marrow relapse, while 79.2% of the cases were those of late relapse. The median interval time between relapse and first complete remission was 35.5 mon (range, 1-62 months) . One of the 5 patients with early recurrence and 7 of the 19 with late recurrence cases survived. The 5-year-OS and 5-year-EFS of ETV6-RUNX1 positive children was (89.4±2.4) % and (82.1±6.9) %, respectively. The estimated 10-year-OS and 10-year-EFS of ETV6-RUNX1 positive children was (88.6±2.5) % and (77.3±4.0) %, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used to estimate and compare the survival. Univariate statistical analysis showed that poor prognostic factors that influenced survival included central nervous system state 2 at diagnosis, poor prednisone response, high risk, gene positivity after induction chemotherapy, as well as MRD positivity and gene positivity at the 12(th) week. In the multivariate analysis, only the central nervous system state 2 at diagnosis and MRD positivity at the 12(th) week were associated with the outcome. Conclusion: ETV6-RUNX1-positive ALL is a subgroup with a favorable prognosis as per the CCLG-ALL-2008 protocol. Patients with ETV6-RUNX1 should be given more intensive therapy, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation when they are CNS2 at diagnosis or have high level of MRD at the 12(th) week after treatment.
目的： 分析CCLG-ALL-2008方案治疗ETV6-RUNX1融合基因阳性儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）的长期疗效及预后相关因素。 方法： 对2008年4月至2015年4月期间于中国医学科学院血液病医院儿童血液病诊疗中心接受CCLG-ALL-2008方案治疗的178例初诊ETV6-RUNX1阳性ALL患儿进行回顾性分析。 结果： 全部178例患儿中男100例，女78例，中位年龄4（1~13）岁，初诊中位WBC为9.46（1.25~239.83）×10(9)/L。中位随访时间为73.5（1~124）个月，3例在诱导化疗阶段死亡，1例于诱导化疗后失访，1个疗程诱导化疗完全缓解率为97.8%（174/178）。178例患儿中24例复发，累积复发率为15.9%，中位复发时间为35.5（1~62）个月，单纯骨髓复发占83.3%（20/24），晚期复发占79.2%（19/24），早期复发5例中1例存活，晚期复发19例中7例存活。ETV6-RUNX1阳性患儿的5年总生存（OS）率、无事件生存（EFS）率分别为（89.4±2.4）%、（82.1±6.9）%，预期10年OS率、EFS率分别为（88.6±2.5）%、（77.3±4.0）%。分析预后相关因素，单因素分析结果显示初诊中枢神经系统（CNS）2状态、泼尼松预治疗反应不佳、高危组、诱导化疗第15天骨髓流式微小残留病（MRD）≥5%、第33天ETV6-RUNX1融合基因未转阴、第12周骨髓流式MRD≥1×10(-4)以及第12周ETV6-RUNX1融合基因未转阴为生存相关预后不良因素。Cox模型多因素分析显示，诱导化疗第15天骨髓流式MRD≥5%（P=0.033）、第12周ETV6-RUNX1融合基因未转阴（P=0.045）为影响OS的独立预后不良因素；而初诊CNS2状态（P=0.033）及第12周骨髓流式MRD≥1×10(-4)（P=0.010）则为影响EFS的独立预后不良因素。 结论： CCLG-ALL-2008方案治疗ETV6-RUNX1阳性ALL患儿总体预后良好，初诊CNS2状态、诱导化疗第15天骨髓流式MRD≥5%、第12周ETV6-RUNX1未转阴及MRD≥1×10(-4)者需要尽早强烈干预治疗。.
Keywords: CCLG-ALL-2008 protocol; ETV6-RUNX1 rearrangement; Leukemia, lymphoblastic, acute; Pediatric; Prognosis.