Study of the Relationship between Body Mass Index, Body Image, and Lifestyle Behaviors: A Community Survey in Fiji

Midori Ishikawa; Tetsuji Yokoyama; Nobuo Nishi; Hiroko Miura

doi:10.31662/jmaj.2019-0042

Study of the Relationship between Body Mass Index, Body Image, and Lifestyle Behaviors: A Community Survey in Fiji

JMA J. 2020 Jan 15;3(1):41-50. doi: 10.31662/jmaj.2019-0042. Epub 2019 Nov 8.

Authors

Midori Ishikawa¹, Tetsuji Yokoyama¹, Nobuo Nishi², Hiroko Miura³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan.
² International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
³ Department of International Health and Collaboration, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan.

Abstract

Introduction: Public health promotion efforts aimed at overweight and obesity prevention often proceed from the premise that the first step should be losing weight. Appropriate perceptions of body image may be important for improving weight loss awareness. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationship between body mass index and body image perception in Fiji, where increasing obesity is currently the most important health-related issue.

Methods: Using the resident register based on the governmental census, one household member, aged between 18 and 69 years, was randomly selected from each household in two areas. There were 1,014 participants in the study. The questionnaire items were related to body image, dietary behaviors, physical activity, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption habits. Moreover, information regarding height, weight, blood pressure, and hemoglobin A1c were measured, and questions about social status (age, ethnicity, education, marital status, and employment), and subjective living status were asked. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and body image perception.

Results: Data from 391 men and 537 women were analyzed. Men within higher BMI quartiles smoked less (p = 0.0004) and drank less alcohol (p = 0.042). Women in higher BMI quartiles engaged in less physical activity (p = 0.022). Among the assessed data, both men and women in the higher BMI quartiles underestimated their body image compared with their actual physique (p < 0.0001). The higher BMI was associated with underestimated body image (men: odds ratio [OR] = 3.22, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.94-5.35; p < 0.0001; women: OR = 18.11, 95% CI, 10.10-32.47; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions: Higher BMI is strongly associated with underestimated body image among Fiji residents. Health-related counseling should be included within programs that aim to increase recognition of one's actual physical size.

Keywords: Fiji; Overweight and obesity; body image; lifestyle behavior; underestimates.