Nanoporous Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose- g-poly (Sodium Acrylate)/FeCl3 Hydrogel Beads: Synthesis and Characterization

Bijender Kumar; Ruchir Priyadarshi; Sauraj; Farha Deeba; Anurag Kulshreshtha; Kirtiraj K Gaikwad; Jaehwan Kim; Anuj Kumar; Yuvraj Singh Negi

doi:10.3390/gels6040049

Nanoporous Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose- g-poly (Sodium Acrylate)/FeCl₃ Hydrogel Beads: Synthesis and Characterization

Gels. 2020 Dec 11;6(4):49. doi: 10.3390/gels6040049.

Authors

Bijender Kumar^{1

2}, Ruchir Priyadarshi³, Sauraj⁴, Farha Deeba¹, Anurag Kulshreshtha⁵, Kirtiraj K Gaikwad⁵, Jaehwan Kim², Anuj Kumar⁶, Yuvraj Singh Negi¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
² Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea.
³ Department of Food and Nutrition, Bio Nanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
⁴ Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
⁵ Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
⁶ School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.

Abstract

Novel sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly (sodium acrylate)/Ferric chloride (CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl₃) nanoporous hydrogel beads were prepared based on the ionic cross-linking between CMC-g-PNaA and FeCl₃. The structure of CMC and CMC-g-PNaA were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the elemental composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The physicochemical properties of the CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl₃ hydrogel beads were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The swelling percentage of hydrogel beads was studied at different time periods. The obtained CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl₃ hydrogel beads exhibited a higher nanoporous morphology than those of CMC-g-PNaA and CMC beads. Furthermore, an AFM image of the CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl₃ beads shows granule type topology. Compared to the CMC-g-PNaA (189 °C), CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl₃ hydrogel beads exhibited improvement in thermal stability (199 °C). Furthermore, CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl₃ hydrogel beads depicted a higher swelling percentage capacity of around 1452%, as compared to CMC-g-PNaA (1096%). Moreover, this strategy with preliminary results could be useful for the development of polysaccharide-based hybrid hydrogel beads for various potential applications.

Keywords: FeCl3; cross-linking; hydrogel; nanoporous beads; poly(sodium acrylate); sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; thermal analysis.