To elucidate the composition of semiochemicals of Apriona germari and its function in sexual communication, GC-MS was used to detect the composition of semiochemicals of the overall body and the end abdominal tissue extracts in A. germari. Y-tube olfactometer was used to determine the olfactory response of adult female and male to the standard compounds of the five main extracts. The contact reaction test with male and female adults was performed to the eluted adults that smeared tandard compounds. The results showed that the main ingredients of semiochemicals were alkanes and alkenes with more than 10 carbons. Concentration of (Z)-9-Tricosene was the highest, followed by heptacosane, nonacosane, nonadecene, octacosane, 9-Hexylheptadecane, aldehyde, and ester. Results of the olfactory reaction showed that nonacosane had a significant attractivity to both male and female adults, and that heptacosane had a significant attractivity only to female adults. Nonadecene had a extremely significant repellent activity to female adults. 1-docosene and (Z)-9-Tricosene had no evident role to the male and female adults. Results of the contact test showed that male adults had the strongest courtship responses to the eluted adults with 1-docosene, heptacosane and nonacosane. Female adults had the strongest courtship responses to the eluted adults with nonacosane. Our results indicated that 1-docosene, heptacosane, and nonacosane were important component of the sex pheromone of A. germari, which played an important role in the sexual communication.
为明确桑天牛成虫释放的化学信息素成分及其在两性通讯中的作用,利用气质联用仪(GC-MS)分析了桑天牛整体及其腹末组织提取物的化学成分,采用Y型嗅觉仪测定雌雄成虫对5种主要提取物标准品的嗅觉反应,以及雌雄虫对涂抹标准品的洗脱同性与异性成虫的接触反应。结果表明: 桑天牛雌雄成虫整体及其腹末组织提取物化学成分主要为10个碳以上的烷烃和烯烃,其中顺-9-二十三碳烯含量最高,其次为二十七烷、二十九烷、十九碳烯、二十八烷和9-己基-十七烷等,以及少量醛类和酯类物质。嗅觉行为反应结果显示,二十九烷对雌雄虫的引诱作用显著,二十七烷仅对雌虫有显著的引诱作用,而十九碳烯则对雌成虫产生显著的驱避作用,1-二十二碳烯和顺-9-二十三碳烯对桑天牛雌雄虫作用不明显。接触反应结果显示,雄虫对涂抹1-二十二碳烯、二十七烷和二十九烷的洗脱成虫表现出明显的求偶行为,而雌虫仅对涂抹二十九烷的洗脱成虫表现出明显的求偶行为。综合分析发现,1-二十二碳烯、二十七烷和二十九烷是桑天牛性信息素的重要组分,在两性通讯中起重要作用。.
Keywords: Apriona germari; GC-MS; Y-tube olfactometer; contact test; semiochemicals.