Expanding our understanding of sensory gating in children with autism spectrum disorders

Abstract

Objective: This study examined sensory gating in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Gating is usually examined at the P50 component and rarely at mid- and late-latency components.

Methods: Electroencephalography data were recorded during a paired-click paradigm, from 18 children with ASD (5-12 years), and 18 typically-developing (TD) children. Gating was assessed at the P50, N1, P2, and N2 event-related potential components. Parents of all participants completed the Short Sensory Profile (SSP).

Results: TD children showed gating at all components while children with ASD showed gating only at P2 and N2. Compared to TD children, the ASD group showed significantly reduced gating at P50, N1, and P2. No group differences were found at N2, suggesting typical N2 gating in the ASD group. Time-frequency analyses showed reduced orientation and neural synchronization of auditory stimuli. P50 and N1 gating significantly correlated with the SSP.

Conclusion: Although children with ASD have impaired early orientation and filtering of auditory stimuli, they exhibited gating at P2 and N2 components suggesting use of different gating mechanisms compared to TD children. Sensory deficits in ASD may relate to gating.

Significance: The data provide novel evidence for impaired neural orientation, filtering, and synchronization in children with ASD.

Keywords: Auditory filtering; Autism spectrum disorders; Electroencephalography (EEG); Sensory gating; Time-frequency analysis.