Volumetric Study of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas: Predictors of Gross Total Resection

World Neurosurg. 2021 Mar:147:e206-e214. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.12.020. Epub 2020 Dec 10.

Abstract

Objective: Despite the efforts made to determine the achieved resection grade after pituitary adenoma surgery, there is a high level of disagreement among all the available classifications and measurement methods used. Our objective is to identify the factors that preoperatively could predict a gross total resection (GTR) of a clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma through an endoscopic endonasal approach.

Methods: Across 100 surgeries, we analyzed epidemiologic and clinical data, radiologic relevant data, extent of resection (EOR), and postoperative outcomes. The EOR was measured objectively through an accurate volumetric analysis.

Results: The median presurgical volume was 8.58 cm3 (range, 0.5-58 cm3), the median maximum diameter was 27.3 mm (range, 7-67 mm), and the Knosp grade was 0 in 1 patient, 1 in 23%, 2 in 31%, 3 in 23% and 4 in 22% of patients. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found 3 factors that significantly predicted the chances of a successful GTR: previous sellar surgery, Knosp grade, and tumor signal in the T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan. Another 10 radiologic variables were analyzed and had no effect on the EOR.

Conclusions: Knosp grade (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 25.65; 95% confidence interval, 7.19-91.52) is the most predictive factor for performing a GTR of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma. Previous pituitary surgery (P = 0.023; OR, 5.81) and an isointense T2-weighted signal (P = 0.034; OR, 3.75) also negatively influenced the chances of GTR. We highlight the influence of T2-weighted signal in the chances of GTR.

Keywords: Adenoma; Extent of resection; Gross total resection; Knosp; Nonfunctioning; Previous surgery; T2-weighted.

MeSH terms

  • Adenoma / diagnostic imaging*
  • Adenoma / pathology
  • Adenoma / surgery*
  • Aged
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nasal Cavity / diagnostic imaging
  • Nasal Cavity / surgery
  • Neuroendoscopy / methods*
  • Pituitary Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging*
  • Pituitary Neoplasms / pathology
  • Pituitary Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prospective Studies
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tumor Burden / physiology*