Disease modeling and stem cell immunoengineering in regenerative medicine using CRISPR/Cas9 systems

Ainsley Mike Antao; Janardhan Keshav Karapurkar; Dong Ryul Lee; Kye-Seong Kim; Suresh Ramakrishna

doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2020.11.026

Disease modeling and stem cell immunoengineering in regenerative medicine using CRISPR/Cas9 systems

Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2020 Nov 19:18:3649-3665. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.11.026. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Ainsley Mike Antao¹, Janardhan Keshav Karapurkar¹, Dong Ryul Lee^{2

3}, Kye-Seong Kim^{1

4}, Suresh Ramakrishna^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
² Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea.
³ CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea.
⁴ College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.

Abstract

CRISPR/Cas systems are popular genome editing tools that belong to a class of programmable nucleases and have enabled tremendous progress in the field of regenerative medicine. We here outline the structural and molecular frameworks of the well-characterized type II CRISPR system and several computational tools intended to facilitate experimental designs. The use of CRISPR tools to generate disease models has advanced research into the molecular aspects of disease conditions, including unraveling the molecular basis of immune rejection. Advances in regenerative medicine have been hindered by major histocompatibility complex-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, which pose a major barrier to cell- or tissue-based transplantation. Based on progress in CRISPR, including in recent clinical trials, we hypothesize that the generation of universal donor immune-engineered stem cells is now a realistic approach to tackling a multitude of disease conditions.

Keywords: CAR T; CRISPR; Cas9; Disease models; HLA.

Publication types

Review