The inputs of carbon dioxide from anthropogenic activities to ocean through the sea-air interface exchange disturbs the balance of seawater carbonate system, resulting in ocean acidification (OA). OA affects the physical and chemical properties of both seawater and marine pollutants, which significantly regulates the physiological processes of planktonic algae living on the surface of ocean. As the main primary producers, the physiological function and processes of marine algae play an important role in marine ecosystem. We reviewed the underlying mechanisms of OA on the three key physiological processes of photosynthetic carbon fixation, calcification and nitrogen fixation of marine microalgae. OA could alter environmental factors (e.g., solar radiation, temperature, nutrient elements) and typical marine contaminants (e.g., organic contaminants, heavy metals, microplastics). We further summarized the effects of these factors on the regulation of physiological processes of microalgae. Finally, current research status and prospects for future research were addressed. This review provided important information for better understanding the potential impacts of OA on marine ecosystems.
人类活动排放大量的CO2通过海气界面进入海洋,打破原有海水碳酸盐平衡进而造成海洋酸化(OA)。OA会影响海水和海洋污染物的理化性质,进而对生活在海洋表层的浮游藻类生理过程产生显著调控作用。海洋微藻作为海洋中主要的初级生产者,其生理功能与过程的正常进行对于海洋生态系统具有重要作用。本文综述了OA对海洋微藻光合固碳、钙化过程、固氮作用3个关键生理过程的调控作用和具体机制,总结了OA条件下,环境因素(如太阳辐射、温度、营养元素)对微藻生理过程和生长的影响,以及OA通过改变典型海洋污染物(如有机污染物、重金属、微塑料)的环境行为而对微藻生理过程的调控作用。最后,结合研究现状,对未来需要开展的研究方向进行展望。本文为进一步了解OA对海洋生态系统的潜在影响提供了重要信息。.
Keywords: environmental factor; marine contaminant; marine microalgae; ocean acidification; physiological process.