Quantitative assessment of hydrological connectivity is a hot but difficult issue in current research. Using the 30-m resolution global monthly surface water remote sensing dataset released by the EU Joint Research Center and three indicators of geostatistical connectivity, maximum distance of connection (MDC), and surface water extent of connectome (i.e., seasonally connected water bodies), we quantified the hydrological connectivity of surface water in Momoge National Nature Reserve in different months of a normal year (May to October 2016), and in September of different hydrological years (a wet year, namely 1998; a normal year, namely 2016; a drought year, namely 2002), and different directions (west-east and north-south). Our results showed that: 1) the geostatistical connectivity function (GCF) along the west-east direction was better than that along the north-south direction. The GCF in August and July was better than that in other months. The GCF along the west-east direction of each hydrological year was better than that in the drought year, whereas the GCF in the drought year was better than the corresponding value in the normal year. The GCF along the north-south direction in each hydrological year was better than that in the normal year, whereas the GCF in the normal year was better than that in the drought year. The MDC along the west-east direction in June, July, September, and October of the normal year was all concentrated at 25.26 km. MDC was more concentrated along the north-south direction, with 10 km for all months. The MDC in the normal and drought years was relatively close, but both were much smaller than that in the wet year. 2) frequent seasonal connections between the Yuelianghu Reservoir and the Nenjiang River, and between Etoupao and its neighboring lakes occurred in the study area during the normal year, while most of the other lakes remained isolated. The patterns of hydrological connection in the study area differed across different hydrological years: two giant connectomes were formed in the wet year, some lakes are periodically connected in the normal year, and all lakes remain isolated in the drought year. 3) As a drainage area for farmland receding water, the surface water extent of the Etoupao connectome increased visibly during the three water supplement seasons (spring, summer, and autumn). By quantifying the surface hydrological connectivity in Momoge National Nature Reserve with multiple water sources from different perspectives, our results provide a scientific basis for wetland protection and restoration and integrated management of watershed water resources.
水文连通性的定量评估是当前研究的热点和难点。本研究以欧盟联合研究中心发布的全球30 m分辨率逐月地表水遥感数据集为数据源,利用地统计学连通性、最大连通距离和季节性连通水体面积3个指标,定量评估了平水年的不同月份(2016年5—10月)、不同水文年(丰水年1998年、平水年2016年、枯水年2002年)的9月、不同方向(西-东、北-南)上莫莫格国家级自然保护区地表水文连通性。结果表明: 1)研究区平水年西-东方向的地统计学连通性优于北-南方向,8月和7月的地统计学连通性优于其他各月;各水文年西-东方向的地统计学连通性优劣次序为丰水年>枯水年>平水年,北-南方向的地统计学连通性优劣次序为丰水年>平水年>枯水年;平水年西-东方向6、7、9和10月的最大连通距离均集中在25.26 km,北-南方向最大连通距离则更为集中,所有月份均为10 km;平水年和枯水年的最大连通距离较为接近,但均远小于丰水年的相应值;2)研究区平水年月亮湖水库与嫩江之间、鹅头泡与其邻近湖泊之间频繁地发生季节性连通,其余绝大多数湖泊则始终保持孤立;不同水文年研究区的水文连通格局具有明显差异:丰水年形成了两个巨型连通体,平水年部分湖泊之间发生周期性连通,枯水年所有湖泊之间保持孤立;3)农田退水的承泄区鹅头泡连通体的地表水面积在春、夏、秋3个补水季节均发生了明显扩增。本研究从不同角度量化了多水源补给的莫莫格国家级自然保护区地表水文连通性,研究结果可为湿地保护修复和流域水资源综合管控提供科学依据。.
Keywords: floodplain; hydrological connectivity; interconnected river system network; lake; remote sensing; wetland.