Accurate measurement of CO2 storage flux (Fs) in forest ecosystems is of great significance for estimating ecosystem carbon budget by eddy covariance (EC). The errors in the estimation of ecosystem carbon budget caused by different methods for calculating Fs has yet not been comprehensively assessed. Using data from an open-path EC system and an eight-level CO2/H2O profile system (AP100, Campbell Scientific Inc., USA) in a broadleaved deciduous forest at the Maoer-shan in 2018, we evaluated the methodological effect of Fs[2-min mean profile (P2 min), 30-min mean profile (P30 min) and 30-min mean EC single point (Ps)] on the estimation of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (Re), and gross primary productivity (GPP). The results showed that the impact of Fs methods on forest carbon flux generally increased with the increases of time scale, indicating that gap-filling of flux data would further amplify the impacts of Fs estimation methods. At the annual scale, NEE based on P2 min and Ps methods were 36.3% and 29.4% lower than that based on P30 min, while Re based on P2 min was higher than that based on P30 min and Ps by 8.7%. The GPP based on P2 min was 5.4% higher, while that based on Ps was 2.1% lower than that based on P30 min. The traditional P30 min ignored the instantaneous changes in CO2 concentration, Ps missed the changes of CO2 concentration within canopy, and thus both underestimated the actual Re. The approximately instantaneous profile (2-min mean profile) had higher temporal and spatial resolution and could more accurately estimate forest carbon budget with non-flat terrain and complex canopy structure. Our findings had great implications for solving the underestimation of forest Re and GPP as well as the overestimation of net carbon sink on complex conditions with the EC method.
准确测定森林生态系统中CO2储存通量(Fs)对于以涡动协方差(EC)法估算生态系统碳收支具有重要意义,而Fs不同算法引起的森林碳收支估测误差还未被全面评估。本研究利用2018年帽儿山落叶阔叶林的开路EC系统和8层CO2/H2O廓线系统(AP100, Campbell Scientific Inc., USA)数据,比较了2-min平均廓线(P2 min)、30-min平均廓线(P30 min)和30-min平均EC单点法(Ps)3种不同方法估算的Fs对净生态系统交换(NEE)、生态系统呼吸(Re)和总初级生产力(GPP)估算结果的影响。结果表明: Fs估算方法对森林碳通量的影响总体上随时间尺度增大而不断增大,表明通量数据插补和拆分会进一步放大Fs估算方法的影响。在年尺度上,P2 min法和Ps法的NEE分别比P30 min法的低36.3%和29.4%;P2 min法的Re比P30 min法和Ps法高8.7%;而P2 min法的GPP比P30 min法的高5.4%,Ps法则比P30 min法的低2.1%。传统的P30 min法忽略了CO2浓度的瞬时变化,Ps法缺少林冠层内部CO2浓度变化,因此两者低估了真实Re。近似瞬时廓线的方法(2-min平均)具有更高的时间与空间分辨率,能够更加准确地估算非平坦地形和复杂冠层结构的森林碳收支,这对解决EC法在复杂条件下森林Re和GPP低估、净碳汇高估具有重要启示。.
Keywords: CO 2 storage flux; eddy covariance; net ecosystem CO 2 exchange; profile system.