Norovirus are now recognized as one of the main pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis in both developed and developing countries. However, norovirus are easily mutated and recombined, and have many genotypes. In early studies, norovirus were amplified and identified by amino acid sequence of VP1 region. It was found that norovirus were easily mutated and recombined in or near the overlapping regions of polymerase and capsid. A two regions genotyping method was positively proposed internationally. Depending on the 2 times standard deviation standard method for two regions identification, norovirus polymerase regions can be divided into 10 gene groups and 76 genotypes including 2 tentative gene groups and 16 tentative genotypes. The VP1 region can be divided into 12 gene groups and 53 genotypes including 2 tentative gene groups and 5 tentative genotypes. However, the tentative gene groups and genotypes need to be further identified and reclassified. In this article, characteristics of norovirus sequences, principles of different genotyping methods, methods of sequence amplification, on-line genotyping tools and the latest studies in norovirus genotypes are reviewed and introduced.
诺如病毒是引起急性胃肠炎的主要病原体之一，极易突变和重组，型别众多。研究早期采用VP1区氨基酸序列对诺如病毒进行分型及鉴定。由于处在或接近聚合酶和衣壳区的重叠区为重组发生的热点区域，因此国际上提出使用聚合酶和衣壳区的双区域分型系统。目前基于2 s标准的双区域分型方法，聚合酶区可分为10个基因组及76种基因型，包括2个暂定基因组及16种暂定基因型，VP1可分为12个基因组及53种基因型，包括2个暂定基因组及5种暂定基因型。暂定基因组和基因型有待进一步型别鉴定和基因组划分。本文对诺如病毒分子特征、不同分型方法的原理、序列扩增方法、在线分型工具及最新的基因分型研究进展进行综述。.
Keywords: Capsid region; Genotyping; Norovirus; Polymerase region.