Purpose of review: To consider various precision medicine approaches to further elucidate the relationship between inflammation and depression and to illustrate how a neurodevelopmental perspective can help in this regard.
Recent findings: Inflammation associates most strongly with phenotypes of depression that reflect illness behavior and/or metabolic dysfunction and obesity. A separate body of research has shown that maternal inflammation during pregnancy can alter brain circuitry important for mood regulation and/or reward in the developing fetus. Our research group is finding that maternal CRP levels differentially predict positive and negative affect in children assessed at age 4 years, depending on the timing of plasma sampling during pregnancy and the sex of the child. Recent authors have stressed the need to use a variety of precision medicine approaches to refine our understanding of inflammation-depression links. Adding a neurodevelopmental perspective may help to address some of the methodological challenges in this active area of study.
Keywords: Depression; Developmental window; Inflammation; Neurodevelopment; Precision medicine; sex differences.